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Chemical Reaction and Equations Handwritten Notes For 2022-23 Board Exam
Let's begin with a question.
Q. What are Chemical Reactions?
Answer 1: Whenever a chemical change occurs we can say that a chemical reaction has taken place.
Answer 2: The chemical reaction is the process in which two or more substances combine to form a new substance.
Examples
Magnesium + Oxygen —> Magnesium Oxide
Carbon + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide
Changes Occurs during a chemical reaction
Change in state
Change in colour
Evolution of gas
Change in temperature
Formation of a precipitate
Q. What is Chemical Equations?
Answer. Chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction with the help of symbols and formulas.
Examples
Mg + O2 —> MgO
C + O2 —> CO2
How To Balance Chemical Equations
Writing Symbols of Physical States
To make a chemical equation more informative, the physical states of the reactant and product are mentioned along with their chemical formula.
The gaseous, liquids, aqueous and solid are represented by (g),(l),(aq) and (s) respectively.
Q. What are Balanced Chemical Equations?
Answer. The equation in which the number of atoms in the reactant and product are the same is called a balanced chemical equation.
Q. What are Unbalanced Chemical Equations?
Answer. Do yourself.
Types Of Chemical Reactions
Combination Reaction
Decomposition Reaction
Displacement Reaction
Double Displacement Reaction
Oxidation and Reduction Reaction
Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction
Combination Reaction
The reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product is called combination reaction.
For Example
Formation of water
Burning of coal
Decomposition Reaction
The reaction in which a single reactant breaks down to form two or more products.
Thermal Decomposition
Decomposition which is dome by heat is called thermal decomposition.
Example
CaCO3 —heat> CaO + CO2
Electrolytic Decomposition
Decomposition which is done by electricity is called electrolytic decomposition.
Example
H2O—elect.> H2 + O2
Photolytic Decomposition
Decomposition which is done with the help of light energy we call it photolytic decomposition.
Example
AgCl —> Ag + Cl2
Displacement Reaction
The reaction in which more reactive elements displace reactive elements from its compound or solution is called displacement reaction.
Example
Zn + CuSO4 —> ZnSO4 + Cu
Fe + CuSO4 —> FeSO4 + Cu
Double Displacement Reaction
The reaction in which two different ions or groups of atoms in the reactant molecules are displaced by each other is called double displacement reaction.
Example
AgNO3 + NaBr —> AgBr + NaNO3
Oxidation and Reduction Reaction
Oxidation
The process in which oxygen is added.
The process in which hydrogen is removed.
The process in which substance loss electron from a substance
Example
Cu + O2 —heat> CuO
H2S + O2 —>H2O + S
Reduction
The process in which oxygen is removed from a substance.
The process in which hydrogen is added in a substance.
The process in which substances gain election.
Example
KCLO3 —>KCL + O2
Na + H2 —>NaH
Oxidising agent:
The substance which gives oxygen for oxidation is called an Oxidising agent.
The substance which removes hydrogen is also called an Oxidising agent.
Reducing agent:
The substance which gives hydrogen for reduction is called a Reducing agent.
The substance which removes oxygen is also called a Reducing agent.
Redox Reaction
The reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously are called redox reactions.
Example
CuO + H2 —> Cu + H2O
Here, CuO is reduced
& H2 is Oxidised
Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction
Exothermic Reaction
The reactions which are accomplished by evolution of heat are called exothermic reactions.
Example
Burning of natural gas
Burning of coal
Endothermic Reaction
The reactions which occur by the absorption of heat energy are called Endothermic reactions.
Example
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Effects of oxidation in daily life
Corrosion: The phenomenon due to which metals are slowly eaten away by the reaction of air water and other chemicals present in the atmosphere is called corrosion.
Example
Rusting of iron
Blue coating on copper
Black coating on silver
Effects of corrosion
Carbodies
Bridges
Iron railings
Ships
Other iron materials
Methods to prevent from corrosion
Painting
Regular clear
Rancidity: It is the process of slow oxidation for oil and fat present in the food material.
Methods to prevent rancidity
Keeping food materials in airtight containers.
Refrigeration of cooked food at low temperature.
Avoid keeping the cooked food and food materials is direct sunlight
By adding antioxidants.
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